🔥 Stage 1: The Active Phase of Composting

The active composting phase is what most people picture when they think of composting. This is where the visible transformation of food scraps, yard clippings, and other organic materials begins.

What Happens in the Active Phase?

• High microbial activity: Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi rapidly break down nitrogen-rich (green) and carbon-rich (brown) materials.

• Heat generation: Temperatures in the compost pile rise to between 130–160°F (55–70°C), helping to kill pathogens and weed seeds.

• Physical changes: You’ll notice your kitchen and garden waste breaking down into a dark, crumbly substance.

Signs the Active Phase is Ending:

• The pile’s temperature begins to drop.

• You notice a pleasant earthy smell, indicating microbial breakdown is mostly complete.

• The original materials are no longer easily identifiable.

🌿 Stage 2: The Curing Phase of Composting

Once the heat subsides, the curing phase begins. This is a critical yet often overlooked stage that ensures your compost is fully mature and safe for plants.

What Happens in the Curing Phase?

• Microbial activity slows down.

• Larger organisms like worms, beetles, and beneficial microbes move in.

• The compost stabilizes, pH balances, and the Carbon to Nitrogen (C:N) ratio improves.

Why is the Curing Phase Important?

• Improves compost quality and structure

• Reduces risks of plant damage from immature compost

• Enhances soil nutrient availability

Best Practices for the Curing Phase:

• Keep it moist, like a wrung-out sponge

• Aerate regularly by turning or fluffing the pile

• Let it rest for 4–5 weeks for optimal results

🌀 Full Composting Process in a Nutshell

🌻 Benefits of Fully Matured Compost

• Improves soil structure and water retention

• Adds essential nutrients to your garden

• Encourages healthy plant growth

• Reduces need for chemical fertilizers